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How do I get started with bug bounty hunting? How do I improve my skills?

These are some simple steps that every bug bounty hunter can use to get started and improve their skills:

Learn to make it; then break it!
A major chunk of the hacker's mindset consists of wanting to learn more. In order to really exploit issues and discover further potential vulnerabilities, hackers are encouraged to learn to build what they are targeting. By doing this, there is a greater likelihood that hacker will understand the component being targeted and where most issues appear. For example, when people ask me how to take over a sub-domain, I make sure they understand the Domain Name System (DNS) first and let them set up their own website to play around attempting to "claim" that domain.

Read books. Lots of books.
One way to get better is by reading fellow hunters' and hackers' write-ups. Follow /r/netsec and Twitter for fantastic write-ups ranging from a variety of security-related topics that will not only motivate you but help you improve. For a list of good books to read, please refer to "What books should I read?".

Join discussions and ask questions.
As you may be aware, the information security community is full of interesting discussions ranging from breaches to surveillance, and further. The bug bounty community consists of hunters, security analysts, and platform staff helping one and another get better at what they do. There are two very popular bug bounty forums: Bug Bounty Forum and Bug Bounty World.

Participate in open source projects; learn to code.
Go to https://github.com/explore or https://gitlab.com/explore/projects and pick a project to contribute to. By doing so you will improve your general coding and communication skills. On top of that, read https://learnpythonthehardway.org/ and https://linuxjourney.com/.

Help others. If you can teach it, you have mastered it.
Once you discover something new and believe others would benefit from learning about your discovery, publish a write-up about it. Not only will you help others, you will learn to really master the topic because you can actually explain it properly.

Smile when you get feedback and use it to your advantage.
The bug bounty community is full of people wanting to help others so do not be surprised if someone gives you some constructive feedback about your work. Learn from your mistakes and in doing so use it to your advantage. I have a little physical notebook where I keep track of the little things that I learnt during the day and the feedback that people gave me.

Learn to approach a target.
The first step when approaching a target is always going to be reconnaissance — preliminary gathering of information about the target. If the target is a web application, start by browsing around like a normal user and get to know the website's purpose. Then you can start enumerating endpoints such as sub-domains, ports and web paths.

A woodsman was once asked, "What would you do if you had just five minutes to chop down a tree?" He answered, "I would spend the first two and a half minutes sharpening my axe."
As you progress, you will start to notice patterns and find yourself refining your hunting methodology. You will probably also start automating a lot of the repetitive tasks.

Facebook Plans To Launch Its Own Cryptocurrency

The social network giant, Facebook is going through a bad phase with lots of ups and down. The recent scandal with Cambridge Analytica has caused the world's largest social network giant Facebook to change its stance on user privacy and to be more transparent about its use of the data it collects.

Since then, some social networks based in Blockchain have been popularized, namely Sphere, Steemit, and Howdoo. However, recently, something unusual announcement is announced by the social network giant Facebook itself, in which Facebook stated that it is investing in a Blockchain-based solution development team, but, the purpose of the project is not yet known.

It was with a post on the Facebook page that David Marcus confirmed his departure from the Messenger team and the creation of a small group dedicated to finding solutions based on the potential of Blockchain technology for Facebook.

David Marcus has not given much detail on the work he will do with his new group, saying only that they will study Blockchain from scratch so that they can use this revolutionary technology for Facebook.

"I'm setting up a small group to explore how to leverage Blockchain across Facebook, starting from scratch," stated David Marcus.

Despite being connected to Facebook's Messenger since 2014, David Marcus is no novice in these financial issues related to money transfers. In addition to having introduced the possibility of P2P payments in Messenger itself, David Marcus was President of PayPal and CEO of Zong, a company dedicated to payments on mobile devices.

However, his experience in this segment does not allow us to conclude that Facebook will create or support a crypto coin, but, it also doesn't mean that it will launch or support any crypto coin of its own. Blockchain technology has become famous thanks to crypto-coins, especially Bitcoin, but its potential expands dramatically to other areas.

The potential of Blockchain goes from the crypto-coins to the creation of real ecosystems online, supported by the users of the network. Sharing and storing data is a legacy that Blockchain allows you to explore and maybe the fact that Facebook will use it in your favor.

The lead post in Messenger was then handed over to Stan Chudnovsky, who now heads one of the most widely used communication services around the world, alongside WhatsApp.

Rumors also point out that James Everingham and Kevin Weil, both from Instagram, will also join David Marcus in this new onslaught of Facebook to one of today's most acclaimed technologies.

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I have developed a fast emulator for modern shellcodes, that perform huge loops of millions of instructions emulated for resolving API or for other stuff.

The emulator is in Rust and all the few dependencies as well, so the rust safety is good for emulating malware.

There are shellcodes that can be emulated from the beginning to the end, but when this is not possible the tool has many features that can be used like a console, a memory tracing, register tracing, and so on.

https://github.com/sha0coder/scemu

In less than two seconds we have emulated 7 millions of instructions arriving to the recv.

At this point we have some IOC like the ip:port where it's connecting and other details.

Lets see what happens after the recv() spawning a console at position: 7,012,204

target/release/scemu -f shellcodes/shikata.bin -vv -c 7012204

In the console, pressing "enter" several times to emulate step into several steps and we arrive to a return instruction.

Let's see the stack in this moment:

The "ret" instruction is going to jump to the buffer read with recv() so is a kind of stager.

The option "-e" or "--endpoint" is not ready for now, but it will allow to proxy the calls to get the next stage automatically, but for now we have the details to get the stage.

SCEMU also identify all the Linux syscalls for 32bits shellcodes:

The encoder used in shellgen is also supported https://github.com/MarioVilas/shellgen

Let's check with cobalt-strike:

We can see where is connecting and which headers is using, so right now we can replicate the communications.

In verbose mode we could do several greps to see the calls and correlate with ghidra/ida/radare or for example grep the branches to study the emulation flow.

target/release/scemu -f shellcodes/rshell_sgn.bin -vv | grep j

target/release/scemu -f shellcodes/rshell_sgn.bin -vv -c 44000 -l

The -l --loops options makes the emulation a bit slower but track the number of iterations.

Is possible to print all the registers in every step with -r or --registers but also is possible to track specific register for example with --reg esi

target/release/scemu -f shellcodes/shikata.bin --reg esi

In this case ESI register points to the API name, if we track EAX or ECX will see that are the counters of the loop. These shellcodes contains a hard loop to locate the API names.

The flag -i or --inspect allow to monitor memory using expressions like "dword ptr [eax + 0xa]"

target/release/scemu -f shellcodes/shikata.bin -i 'dword ptr [esi]'

And more things to come... find a demo below:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qTYmMjW3DFs

Wednesday, May 31, 2023

How Do I Get Started With Bug Bounty ?

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Facebook Plans To Launch Its Own Cryptocurrency

Facebook Plans To Launch Its Own Cryptocurrency

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Tuesday, May 30, 2023

Fast Emulator For Shellcodes In Rust

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